Clo érték mérés termikus mérőbábuval
Measuring clo values using a thermal manikin
Keywords:
Thermal manikin, clothing thermal insulation, thermal insulation calculation methods, serial and parallel methods, thermal comfort, /, Termikus mérő bábu, ruházati hőszigetelő képesség, hőszigetelés számítási módszerek, soros és párhuzamos modellek, hőkomfortAbstract
Thermal manikins are an excellent complement to live subject studies regarding thermal comfort and clothing research. In fact, these life-size models have been designed to accurately simulate the human thermoregulatory system. This means simulating dry heat exchange between man and the environment, where in some cases the ability to replicate sweating or breathing is also introduced. Thermal manikins have been used for the analysis of human comfort, to study the human environmental condition and to to measure thermal properties of garments and ensembles. Within the scope of this paper, the goal is to outline the charecteristics of a given thermal manikin and detail the different approaches to clothing insulation calculation.
Kivonat
A termikus mérőbábuk kiváló kiegészítői az élő alanyos vizsgálatoknak a hőkomfort és a ruházati kutatásokat illetően. Ezeket az életnagyságú modelleket úgy tervezték, hogy pontosan szimulálják az emberi hőszabályozó rendszert. Ez ebben az esetben az ember és környezete közti száraz hőcsere szimulálását jelenti, ahol bizonyos esetekben az izzadás vagy a légzés reprodukálásának képességét is bevezetik. A termikus mérőbábukat az emberi komfortérzet elemzésére, az emberi környezeti állapot tanulmányozására, valamint ruházati cikkek és ruhaköltemények termikus tulajdonságainak mérésére használják. A cikk keretein belül a cél egy adott termikus műember jellemzőinek bemutatása és a ruházati hőszigetelés számítás különböző megközelítéseinek részletezése.
References
Araźny A, Uscka-Kowalkowska J, Kejna M. Comparison of the predicted insulation of clothing in Toruń and Koniczynka in the years 1998–2012. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW Land Reclamation 47(1):55-67. 2015
Holmér I. Thermal manikin history and applications. Eur J Appl Physiol 92, 614–618, 2004.
Håkan ON, Holmér I. Proceedings of the Third International Meeting on Thermal Manikin Testing 3IMM. e National Institute for Working Life 1999
ISO Standard 7730:2005 Ergonomics of the thermal environment - analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria. International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva. 2005
Lotens WA, Havenith G. Calculation of clothing insulation and vapour resistance. Ergonomics 34.2 (1991), pp. 233–254. 1991
Wang F, Shi W, Lu Y, Song G, Annaheim S. Determination of ‘wet’ thermal insulation of fabrics on a guarded hotplate: effects of moisture content and air gap size. The 6th European Conference on Protective Clothing. Bruges, Belgium, Vol 1. 2014
ISO Standard 9920:2009 Ergonomics of the thermal environment. Estimation of the thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of a clothing ensemble. International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva. 2009
ISO Standard 15831-2004 Clothing—Physiological Effects—Measurement of Thermal Insulation by Means of a Thermal Manikin. International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva. 2004
Oliveira AVM, Branco VJ, Gaspar AR, Quintela DA. Measuring Thermal Insulation of Clothing with Different Manikin Control Methods. Comparative Analysis of the Calculation Methods. 7th International Thermal Manikin and Modelling Meeting, University of Coimbra, 2008
Huang J. Calculation of thermal insulation of clothing from mannequin test. Measurement Techniques, Vol. 51, No. 4, 2008
Kuklane K, Gao C, Wang F, Holmér I. Parallel and serial methods of calculating thermal insulation in European manikin standards. Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 18(2):171-9, 2012.
Havenith G, Hodder S, Ouzzahra Y, Loveday D, Kuklane K, Lundgren K, et al. Report on manikin measurements for ASHRAE 1504-TRP. Extension of the clothing insulation database for standard 55 and ISO 7730 to provide data for non-western clothing ensembles, including data on the effect of posture and air movement on that insulation. Atlanta, USA, ASHRAE, 2013
Wang L, et. al. A revised method to predict skin's thermal resistance. Thermal Science, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 1795-1802. 2018
Fanger PO, Thermal Comfort Analysis and Applications in Environmental Engineering. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 1970
Konarska M, Sołtyński K, Sudoł-Szopińska I, Młoźniak D, Chojnacka A. Aspects of Standardisation in Measuring Thermal Clothing Insulation on a Thermal Manikin. Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 14(4):58-63. 2006
Faming W. A Comparative Introduction on Sweating Thermal Manikin “Newton” and “Walter”. 7th International Thermal Manikin and Modelling Meeting - University of Coimbra, Portugal. 2008
